RINEX File Processing
RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange Format) files contain raw GNSS observation data that can be post-processed to determine highly accurate coordinates. This guide covers RINEX file naming conventions and recommended processing services.
RINEX File Naming
Standard Naming Convention
RINEX files follow a standardized naming format that encodes important metadata:
SSSSDDDF.YYT
| Component | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| SSSS | Station identifier (4 characters) | BASE |
| DDD | Day of year (001-366) | 045 |
| F | File sequence number (0-9, A-Z) | 0 |
| YY | Two-digit year | 24 |
| T | File type | o = observation, n = navigation |
Example: BASE0450.24o = Observation file from station "BASE" on day 45 of 2024
Resources
| Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| RINEX Version 2.11 Specification | Official format documentation including standard file naming |
| NOAA Day of Year Calendar | Convert calendar dates to day-of-year |
RINEX Processing Services
After collecting RINEX data from your FastRTK base station, submit it to one of these free online processing services to obtain precise coordinates.
OPUS (Recommended for USA)
NGS OPUS: Online Positioning User Service
OPUS is the recommended service for users in the United States.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Provider | NOAA National Geodetic Survey |
| Coverage | United States and territories |
| Coordinate Output | NAD83 (2011) epoch 2010.0, ITRF14 epoch of data collection |
| Height Output | Both ellipsoid and orthometric heights (NAVD88 in US) |
| Accuracy Metrics | Peak-to-peak errors for each coordinate component |
| State Plane | Outputs state plane coordinates when applicable |
OPUS Requirements
| Requirement | Minimum |
|---|---|
| Observation Duration | 2 hours (Static), 15 minutes (Rapid-Static) |
| Data Rate | 30 seconds or less |
| Antenna Type | Must select correct antenna model |
[OPUS Tips]
- Use OPUS-Static for observation sessions of 2+ hours
- Use OPUS-RS (Rapid Static) for sessions of 15 minutes to 2 hours
- Longer observation times yield better accuracy
- Submit during off-peak hours for faster processing
AUSPOS
Geoscience Australia Online GPS Processing Service: AUSPOS
AUSPOS is an alternative service with global coverage.
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Provider | Geoscience Australia |
| Coverage | Global |
| Coordinate Output | ITRF14 epoch of data collection |
| Accuracy Metrics | 95% uncertainty values for each coordinate direction |
| Processing Engine | Bernese GNSS Software |
| Network Solutions | Submit multiple concurrent observations for networked processing |
AUSPOS Considerations
[Coordinate Conversion Required]
AUSPOS outputs coordinates in ITRF14. For use in the United States, you must manually convert to NAD83 (2011) epoch 2010.0 using the NGS HTDP Tool.
| Feature | OPUS | AUSPOS |
|---|---|---|
| Best For | United States | Global / Australia |
| Native Datum | NAD83 (2011) | ITRF14 |
| Orthometric Heights | Yes (US) | No |
| Network Solutions | No | Yes |
Processing Workflow
Step 1: Download RINEX from FastRTK
- Log into your FastRTK dashboard
- Navigate to RINEX section
- Select the date range for your observation
- Download the observation file (
.obsor.rnx)
Step 2: Submit to Processing Service
For OPUS:
- Go to OPUS
- Upload your RINEX observation file
- Enter your email address
- Select your antenna type from the dropdown
- Enter the antenna height (if different from default)
- Click Upload to Static or Upload to Rapid-Static
For AUSPOS:
- Go to AUSPOS
- Upload your RINEX observation file(s)
- Enter your email address
- Select antenna type and enter height
- Submit for processing
Step 3: Review Results
Processing typically takes 5-15 minutes. You'll receive an email with:
- Processed coordinates in multiple reference frames
- Accuracy estimates / uncertainties
- Processing quality indicators
- Recommended coordinates for your base station
Best Practices
Observation Duration
| Duration | Expected Horizontal Accuracy |
|---|---|
| 15 minutes | 2-5 cm |
| 1 hour | 1-2 cm |
| 2 hours | < 1 cm |
| 4+ hours | Sub-centimeter |
Data Quality Tips
- Minimize obstructions - Ensure clear sky view during observation
- Stable antenna mount - Prevent any movement during collection
- Avoid multipath - Keep antenna away from reflective surfaces
- Note antenna height - Measure accurately to antenna reference point
- Check satellite count - Aim for 8+ satellites throughout observation
Related Documentation
- Platform Overview - RINEX logging settings
- Getting Started - Setting base coordinates
- Correcting Features with Approximate Base Position - Using RINEX for post-processing field data
- FAQs - Common questions about RTK and base stations